A CO2 scrubber, also known as a carbon dioxide scrubber or CO2 removal system, is a device or system used to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from a gas stream. It is commonly used in various applications, including industrial processes, environmental control systems, and life support systems.

The working principle of a CO2 scrubber typically involves a chemical reaction or physical absorption process to capture and remove the CO2 from the gas.

There are different types of CO2 scrubbers, but the most common ones include:

1. Chemical Absorption: This method involves using a liquid solvent, such as amine-based solutions, to react with and absorb the CO2 from the gas stream. The solvent, which has a high affinity for CO2, captures the CO2 molecules, forming a chemical compound that can be separated later.

2. Physical Adsorption: In this process, a solid adsorbent material, such as activated carbon or zeolites, is used to physically adsorb CO2 molecules from the gas stream. The adsorbent material has a large surface area and porous structure that allows it to trap and hold the CO2 molecules.

Once the CO2 is captured by either absorption or adsorption, the scrubber system needs to be regenerated or disposed of to release or discard the CO2. This can involve processes such as heating the solvent to release the CO2 or replacing the adsorbent material.

CO2 scrubbers are commonly used in various industries, including power plants, chemical manufacturing, breweries, submarines, spacecraft, and even in environments like greenhouses to control CO2 levels. They play a crucial role in mitigating CO2 emissions, maintaining air quality, and ensuring the safety and well-being of people in confined spaces.